What is a brownfield land register? (And how to actually use one)
A free, public list of sites your council has already decided could take housing — and almost nobody works it properly. Here is what it is, what it definitely is not, and how to turn an entry into a number.
If you develop in England and you have never opened a brownfield land register, you are ignoring a list of sites your local council has already decided are suitable for housing. It is free, it is public, and hardly anyone works it properly.
What the register actually is
Since 2017, every local planning authority in England has been legally required to keep and publish a register of previously-developed land that it considers appropriate for residential development. The duty comes from the Town and Country Planning (Brownfield Land Register) Regulations 2017.
The register has two parts:
- Part 1 lists all previously-developed sites the authority considers suitable for housing — the long list.
- Part 2 is a subset the authority has chosen to grant permission in principle. That is a genuine planning consent for the land use, scale and location, leaving only technical details to a later application.
Each entry carries the site address, its area in hectares, an estimated dwelling range, ownership status, and whether planning permission already exists.
The part everyone gets wrong. Being on Part 1 is not planning permission. It is the council's opinion that housing could work there. It also says nothing about whether the owner wants to sell. A register entry is not an offer, and treating it as one is the fastest way to waste a month.
Why so few people use it
Not secrecy — friction. Each of the 300-plus authorities publishes its own register separately, on its own website, in its own format, with its own column names and its own update schedule. Some publish clean CSVs. Some bury a PDF three clicks deep in a planning policy page. Comparing two neighbouring boroughs by hand is tedious; comparing thirty is a week of work nobody does.
That friction is exactly why the data stays useful. Sites that would be picked over instantly if they appeared on a portal sit on registers for years.
How to read an entry properly
| Field | What it tells you | What it doesn't |
|---|---|---|
| Hectares | Site area as the council recorded it | Usable area after constraints |
| Min/max net dwellings | The council's own capacity estimate | What your scheme would get |
| Planning permission status | Whether consent already exists | Whether it is still live |
| Ownership status | Public or private ownership | Who the owner is, or their intentions |
| Deliverable | Council believes it could come forward in 5 years | That anything is actually happening |
The constraints that kill register sites
Most entries that look attractive die on one of four things. Check these before you get attached:
- Green belt. Development is inappropriate by default and needs very special circumstances. Assume no unless proven otherwise.
- Flood Zone 3. Housing faces the sequential and exception tests. Not fatal everywhere, but it changes the economics and the timeline.
- Listed buildings and conservation areas. Sometimes an opportunity, usually a cost and always a delay.
- Article 4 directions. Permitted development rights you assumed you had may have been withdrawn.
Turning a register entry into a number
A site is only interesting at a price. The honest route from entry to number:
- Sanity-check the capacity. The council's dwelling figure is a planning-policy estimate, not a design. Test it against the site's actual shape, access and context.
- Get real end values. HM Land Registry Price Paid data gives you what genuinely sold nearby, free, with addresses and dates. Use recorded sales rather than asking prices.
- Work the residual. Gross development value, minus build cost, minus fees and finance, minus your required profit. What remains is the most the land can be worth to you.
- Find the owner. Ownership status is on the register; Land Registry title records do the rest for a few pounds.
England has no zoning, which trips up anyone arriving from a zoned system. There is no code that tells you what is permitted. The Local Plan sets policy, the Use Classes Order governs use, and every application is judged on its merits.
Doing this at scale. GoSiteHunt pulls the brownfield registers across England and Wales, ranks them by size, planning status, council deliverability and road frontage, and nets off green-belt, Flood-Zone-3 and listed-building constraints — then prices the outcome off Land Registry recorded sales. It produces a shortlist and a defensible starting number, not a planning decision.
Registers by council
The 36 largest registers we hold, of 293 councils in total — see them all.
- Birmingham City 1731
- City of Wolverhampton 971
- Southwark 791
- Sheffield City 667
- Manchester City 616
- Bristol City 582
- Croydon 552
- Chelmsford City 527
- Salford City 526
- Cheshire West and Chester 497
- Leeds City 496
- Thanet District 474
- Sandwell Metropolitan Borough 429
- Wandsworth 408
- City of Bradford Metropolitan District 387
- Northumberland County 360
- Stoke-on-Trent City 353
- Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole 346
- Lewisham 336
- Buckinghamshire 317
- Brent 306
- East Riding of Yorkshire 302
- Brighton and Hove City 301
- North Yorkshire 296
- Cornwall 295
- Somerset 287
- City of Westminster 280
- Haringey 277
- Merton 277
- Barnet 267
- Elmbridge Borough 251
- Doncaster Metropolitan Borough 243
- Portsmouth City 234
- Calderdale Metropolitan Borough 232
- Wigan Metropolitan Borough 226
- Waltham Forest 224